Meltdown / Spectre Kernel Patch Benchmarks on Older Systems

The Meltdown patch for the Linux kernel makes use of the relatively new PCID instruction. I still sometimes use my old laptop, which contains a Core 2 Duo Penryn CPU (T7250), and does not support the PCID instruction, so I did a quick UnixBench run to see what kind of difference the absence of the PCID instruction would make. At the end of this article, I have a bonus “benchmark” for an alternative way to mitigate Meltdown: disabling the CPU’s caches. All my tests were performed on Debian Wheezy (currently oldstable) using kernel version 3.16.0-5-amd64.

First of all, here are another person’s results for a CPU that supports PCID. And since that’s in Japanese, here’s the important bit:

Test Before After Change (positive is better)
System Call Overhead 5391.9 4009.7 -25.63%

Now, my tests on the Penryn CPU:

Test Before After Change (positive is better)
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 3360.4 3414.1 +1.60%
Double-Precision Whetstone 724.1 724 -0.01%
Execl Throughput 1351.7 1222.9 -9.53%
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1582 1244 -21.37%
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1255.9 922.1 -26.58%
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1982.4 1810.6 -8.67%
Pipe Throughput 1672.8 765.4 -54.24%
Pipe-based Context Switching 1108.3 671 -39.46%
Process Creation 1150 1025.3 -10.84%
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 1995.7 1909 -4.34%
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1831.8 1743.3 -4.83%
System Call Overhead 1705.6 544.9 -68.05%
System Benchmarks Index Score 1535.8 1160.9 -24.41%

And the raw data in case you are interested:

Before updating:

Test Score Unit Time Iters. Baseline Index
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 39215974.0 lps 10.0 s 7 116700.0 3360.4
Double-Precision Whetstone 3982.6 MWIPS 9.9 s 7 55.0 724.1
Execl Throughput 5812.4 lps 29.2 s 2 43.0 1351.7
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 626453.0 KBps 30.0 s 2 3960.0 1582.0
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 207854.8 KBps 30.0 s 2 1655.0 1255.9
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1149781.6 KBps 30.0 s 2 5800.0 1982.4
Pipe Throughput 2080979.1 lps 10.0 s 7 12440.0 1672.8
Pipe-based Context Switching 443337.7 lps 10.0 s 7 4000.0 1108.3
Process Creation 14490.3 lps 30.0 s 2 126.0 1150.0
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 8461.7 lpm 60.0 s 2 42.4 1995.7
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1099.1 lpm 60.1 s 2 6.0 1831.8
System Call Overhead 2558469.9 lps 10.0 s 7 15000.0 1705.6
System Benchmarks Index Score: 1535.8

After updating:

Test Score Unit Time Iters. Baseline Index
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 39842314.8 lps 10.0 s 7 116700.0 3414.1
Double-Precision Whetstone 3982.0 MWIPS 9.8 s 7 55.0 724.0
Execl Throughput 5258.5 lps 30.0 s 2 43.0 1222.9
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 492638.1 KBps 30.0 s 2 3960.0 1244.0
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 152610.9 KBps 30.0 s 2 1655.0 922.1
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1050156.7 KBps 30.0 s 2 5800.0 1810.6
Pipe Throughput 952188.4 lps 10.0 s 7 12440.0 765.4
Pipe-based Context Switching 268401.0 lps 10.0 s 7 4000.0 671.0
Process Creation 12918.3 lps 30.0 s 2 126.0 1025.3
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 8094.2 lpm 60.0 s 2 42.4 1909.0
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1046.0 lpm 60.1 s 2 6.0 1743.3
System Call Overhead 817288.1 lps 10.0 s 7 15000.0 544.9
System Benchmarks Index Score: 1160.9

Now, Mitigating Meltdown by switching off CPU caches:

You wouldn’t even want to run UnixBench without CPU caches. Here’s a “simpler” benchmark that tells you why:

# time perl -e 'for (1..1000000) {}'

real 0m0.056s
user 0m0.052s
sys 0m0.000s
# insmod disable_cache.ko
# time perl -e 'for (1..1000000) {}' 

real 0m44.689s
user 0m40.044s
sys 0m0.520s
# rmmod disable_cache

Unless you enjoy working on a system that is some 800 times slower. (Don’t try to do this in a GUI setting.)

Nonetheless, here’s some code to disable the CPU caches. (Modified from https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/disabling-cpu-caches-936077/)

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");

void _disable_cache(void *p) {
 printk(KERN_ALERT "Disabling L1 and L2 caches on processor %d.\n", smp_processor_id());
 __asm__(".intel_syntax noprefix\n\t"
 "mov rax,cr0\n\t"
 "or rax,(1 << 30)\n\t"
 "mov cr0,rax\n\t"
 "wbinvd\n\t"
 ".att_syntax noprefix\n\t"
 : : : "rax" );
}
void _enable_cache(void *p) {
 printk(KERN_ALERT "Enabling L1 and L2 caches on processor %d.\n", smp_processor_id());
 __asm__(".intel_syntax noprefix\n\t"
 "mov rax,cr0\n\t"
 "and rax,~(1 << 30)\n\t"
 "mov cr0,rax\n\t"
 "wbinvd\n\t"
 ".att_syntax noprefix\n\t"
 : : : "rax" );
}

static int disable_cache_init(void)
{
 on_each_cpu(_disable_cache, NULL, 1);
 return 0;
}
static void disable_cache_exit(void)
{
 on_each_cpu(_enable_cache, NULL, 1);
}

module_init(disable_cache_init);
module_exit(disable_cache_exit);

Makefile:

obj-m += disable_cache.o

all:
	make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules

Note that you need to indent using tabs in Makefile. CR0 can only be read from Ring 0, and thus a kernel module is needed.

Here’s some example code to just read the CR0 registers on all CPUs:

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");

void cache_status(void *p) {
 long int cr0_30 = 0;
 __asm__(".intel_syntax noprefix\n\t"
 "mov %0, cr0\n\t"
 "and %0, (1 << 30)\n\t"
 "shr %0, 30\n\t"
 ".att_syntax noprefix\n\t"
 : "=r" (cr0_30));
 printk(KERN_INFO "Processor %d: %ld\n", smp_processor_id(), cr0_30&(1<<30)>>30);
}

static int cache_status_init(void) {
 on_each_cpu(cache_status, NULL, 1);
 return 0;
}
static void cache_status_exit(void) {
 on_each_cpu(cache_status, NULL, 1);
}

module_init(cache_status_init);
module_exit(cache_status_exit);

And the corresponding Makefile:

obj-m += cache_status.o

all:
	make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules

 

KDE: The Window Switcher installation is broken, resources are missing.

So I was highly displeased with the standard Breeze task switcher, and thought I’d get a few new ones by clicking the star icon next to the drop-down menu where you select the task switcher. My recommendation is “Grid”. Trying to use Grid, all I get is this error message:

The Window Switcher installation is broken, resources are missing.
Contact your distribution about this.

Hrm. So then I Google and look at code, waste time trying silly things, just to postpone this problem for another weekend. Well, it’s the next weekend now, and just when I’m about to dive back into the code… I restart X (i.e. re-login), and when I try to bring the message up one more time… It doesn’t appear anymore, and Grid and all the others are working! I try installing one more, and sure enough, it didn’t work, but one more re-login and tada. So the answer to this problem might be: restart your KDE session.

It’s still a bug though. But unfortunately I’m no longer interested in looking into this bug now. :(

KDE input problems (KDE applications don’t accept input)

On KDE 5.28.0, which is currently the version of KDE included in Debian Stretch, you may run into the following problem: if you run IBus (to work with an IME like Mozc or Anthy to type Japanese), you might find that you sometimes lose the ability to input text in KDE/Qt applications (like konsole, or the run bar (krunner) when you press Alt+F2). It looks like you can fix this by running:

ibus-daemon -r -x -d

Since you can still type stuff in applications that don’t use Qt, such as Firefox, typing the above command into a text area in Firefox, copying and pasting (right click, paste) that text into krunner, then using your mouse to select “Command line: ibus-daemon -r -x -d”, you should be able to get input to work again. If you do not have any non-Qt applications, you could switch to the console and instead do:

DISPLAY=:0 ibus-daemon -r -x d

However, you may need a second hack to get Japanese input to work again: open xterm (not konsole) and activate your Japanese IME (which should work just fine). This seems to cause Japanese input to work again system-wide.

英語で書いてもあまり役に立たないでしょうから、日本語バージョンも合わせて書きます。

Debian Stretch に入っている KDE 5.28.0 に、(IBus が稼働している環境では)KDE/Qt 系のアプリケーションに、時々、何も入力できなくなる不具合があるようです。IBus のデーモンを再起動すると直るので、以下のコマンドを実行してみてください。

ibus-daemon -r -x -d

キーボードが使えないのに、コマンドを実行するのにはどうすればいいですかというと、Qt を使用しているアプリケーション以外の入力はできるはずなので、例えば Firefox のテキストボックスにコマンドを入力、コピーして、Alt+F2 で開ける実行メニュー (krunner) を開いて、コマンドを右クリックで貼り付けて、マウスで実行するように選択すれば、キーボードをほとんど使わずに実行できます。(ショートカットキーは使えるはずです。)
うまくいかない場合は、コンソールで以下のコマンドを実行すればいけると思います。

DISPLAY=:0 ibus-daemon -r -x -d

ただし、これだけでは日本語入力が直らない(場合があります?)。直らない場合は、xterm (konsole などではなく、xterm)を開いて、一回日本語入力に切り替えて、使えるかどうか試してみてください。(使えるはずです。)
これをやるだけで、他のアプリの日本語入力も直るようです。

The Boring Game

I wrote a game! In 2.5 hours, even. It’s a console (as in Linux terminal) game, and written in Perl (5). I’ll call it “The Boring Game”.

You’re the pilot of a sophisticated airplane that does not crash into mountains, but bores tunnels through them. Flying costs money (because you use up fuel). Operating the boring machine attached to your airplane is extremely energy-intensive, and costs a fortune. Boring horizontally is expensive, but wait till you see how much you have to pay to bore up. However, (completed) tunnels are very useful infrastructure, so you get a nice reward every time you make it through the mountain.

The game’s settings are global constants at the top of the source file:

my $USLEEP = 80000;
my @STATE_CHANGE_PROBABILITY = (0.1, 0.4, 0.1);
my $MAX_ALTITUDE = 120; # (1 == one column). Need a few more columns to display the current funds
my $MOUNTAIN_CHAR = '.';
my $MOUNTAIN_OUTLINE_CHAR = '|';
my $PLAYER_CHAR = '@';
my $UP_CMD = 'k';
my $DOWN_CMD = 'j';
my $QUIT_CMD = 'q';

Here’s a YouTube video of the game in action:

You can get the source code at https://github.com/qiqitori/theboringgame.
To play the game, put boring_game.pl in any directory you want, and issue the following command:

perl boring_game.pl

Beach Cleaning in Matsue, Japan

Ocean trash
Ocean trash

Now that I’m living in Matsue, I often find myself not having much to do. Which means I’m usually sitting at my computer or sitting on my bicycle. One of my first destinations was the sea, which is about 10 km north from where I live.

The spot marked “須々海海岸” on Google Maps is overwhelmingly beautiful and saddening at the same time. While the pictures shared on Google Maps may show you that this is indeed a very beautiful spot, most of these pictures do not show that there is a lot of plastic trash on the beach.

So not having much to do, being somewhat young (28 back then) and being reasonably environmentally minded, I one day decided to see if I could maybe help clean this place up. Unfortunately, my Google queries for beach cleanup activities in Matsue didn’t yield any results, so I just decided to buy a pair of (gardening) gloves and a pack of large trash bags and get some cleaning done.

It turned out to be a great way to pass the time (in late spring, when it isn’t crazy hot and mostly not raining), so I kept coming back, and decided to continue until the tsuyu (rainy season) would kick in.

Ocean garbage collection application form
Ocean garbage collection application form

Just gathering the trash is of course not quite enough. You need to get it to the waste processing facilities. So I just went to the town hall and asked the person at the entrance what to do. I was told to go to the “volunteer” department at the 松江市環境センター (Matsue Environmental Office), where I had to fill out a form (pictured) with the following information: personal information, pick-up address (no house means no address, so this is a bit hard, but the guy at the counter really knew his way around town, and showing him the place on Google StreetView helped a bit too), the number of trash bags, cleanup date, next date in case rains gets in the way. After filling out the form, I got the number of Matsue-branded trash bags that I’d put on the form, at which point I had to explain that I’d actually already started cleaning, unfortunately using regular unlabeled trash bags. That was fine, but he told me to use the right bags next time. The form allows you to tick 自己搬入 (bringing in the trash yourself), but you’d probably have to explain yourself if you want to do that. I opted to have a truck pick up the trash I’d pile up at the side of the road, which usually takes place within one week after your cleanup date.

Some collected ocean trash
Some collected ocean trash

Not knowing much about the  recycling facilities here, I generally sorted the trash by type: plastic bottles (of which there are many, many), plastic bottle labels, plastic bottle caps, styrofoam, hard plastic (probably mostly originating from buoys), soft plastic (think polyester), random other plastic. I had no intention of taking care of tree branches/logs, and was in fact told not to pick those up, as they wouldn’t fit into the plastic bags anyway.

Random thoughts

  • Japanese beaches may have a lot of ugly フナムシ (sea roaches). They will definitely crawl all over your bags, so make sure to close them properly. :p
  • This place doesn’t have a lot of people come by, but the people I did meet were quite eager to talk. Mostly older guys who have come out to do some fishing.
  • Carrying the trash bags from the beach up to the road (which is probably a 20 m altitude difference) was pretty tough, but very, um, good exercise. Combined with the 10 km (very much non-flat) ride on the bicycle… it was pretty intense. :p
  • I’ll probably re-commence my cleaning activities when it gets a bit cooler, perhaps in September. Hoping the place won’t be infested by spiders.
  • One day, I found that someone had helped during my absence \o/

KDE graphics problems (flickering windows)

On a Kaby Lake i7 (i7-7700) with embedded HD Graphics 630 on Debian Testing with KDE 5.28.0, I had a problem where the window manager (kwin_x11) would fail in the following way: everything would be fine for a few hours or a few days even, but then windows would flicker a bit, and usually much later window contents wouldn’t be updated until I focused a different window and then back, and after a while the whole screen froze and only the mouse pointer kept moving.

To fix a system that is still half responsive, open the run dialog (Alt+F2) and execute:

kwin --replace

To fix a system where no windows are updated, switch to the console and do:

DISPLAY=:0 kwin --replace

For a more permanent solution, selecting OpenGL 3.1 in System Settings > Display and Monitor > Compositor worked for me on one system.

Cooking Western-Style in Japan

If you’re finding yourself longing for some western dish that is generally not available in Japanese restaurants, perhaps something your mom made when you were child, your only option may be to cook the dish yourself. Maybe this article will help you find the necessary ingredients? If you don’t find your answer here, feel free to leave a comment.

Supermarkets

First of all, if you can’t find what you’re looking for, try a bigger supermarket. If you are in Tokyo, you may have some trouble finding a big one, so here’s a list of supermarket chains that tend to have bigger stores:

  • イトーヨーカドー (Ito Yokado)
  • マルエツ (Maruetsu)
  • ライフ (Life)
  • ダイエー (Daiei)
  • マックスバリュー (Max Value)

In addition, these two places have a strong selection of imported goods and are partially geared towards people buying in bulk:

  • 肉のハナマサ (Niku no Hanamasa)
  • 業務スーパー (Gyoumu Suupaa / Super / Supermarket)

Here are some well-equipped import stores:

  • 成城石井 (Seijou-Ishii)
  • Kaldi Coffee Farm (Weird name, but just a normal store)
  • Lapin (local chain in Matsue, Shimane) has a good selection of imported goods

Stocks

This is a very popular stock for western foods: Ajinomoto Consomme. According to the ingredients it includes both chicken and beef extracts. There are other stocks available, including chicken, beef, and vegetable stocks, but not all supermarkets have all of these. Beef stock feels a bit less common, and vegetable stock almost rare.

Milk products

Milk products are quite pricy in Japan. You can get milk, yoghurt, cream, sour cream, and various types of cheese at most supermarkets. Butter is available, but often sold out. (Reportedly, especially before February 14.) The types of cheese available at supermarkets are as follows:

  • Shredded cheese (practically everywhere — usually imported and consisting of cheddar, gouda, mozzarella) (unless you buy in bulk, expect to pay 100-200 JPY per 100 g)
  • Those wrapped square processed cheese slices (practically everywhere) (about 200 yen for a pack of ~10 slices)
  • Cream cheese:
    • Philadelphia (available at most supermarkets) (about 400 yen for a 200 g pack) (you’ll sometimes find a cheaper, very similar product by メグミルク (Meg-Milk))
    • Camembert* (available at most supermarkets)
    • Cottage cheese (available at some supermarkets)
    • Mascarpone* (available at some supermarkets)
      * Not sure if these count as cream cheeses
  • Mozzarella (round balls) (available at many supermarkets, but about 300 JPY per 100 g)
  • Parmesan cheese (available at most supermarkets in powder form)
  • Cheese in tiny portions to be eaten as a tsumami (can be quite high-quality)
  • Cheese in small portions to be eaten as a snack (I recommend さけるチーズ (sakeru chiizu))

Bigger supermarkets may sell packets of non-sliced gouda and/or cheddar. For other kinds of cheese, you may have to try an import store or the basement floor of an expensive department store. (Note: you’ll pay about 1000 JPY per 100 g of cheese at the department store.)

By the way, here are the reasons butter is often hard to get (from what I’ve gathered):

  • Milk products are made according to a priority production system:
    milk, cream > cheese, yoghurt > butter
  • Low-fat milk isn’t very popular in Japan

Condiments

Ketchup, mayonnaise and mustard are available, but Japanese mayonnaise is made differently and tastes a bit different. You can get western-style mayonnaise at import shops like 成城石井 (Seijou-Ishii). There are three types of mustard that are widely available in Japan: Japanese mustard (からし, karashi), French Dijon mustard, American yellow mustard. Karashi is similar to wasabi or horseradish in pungency. Ketchup appears to be about the same as everywhere else.

As for vinegar, you will find at least wine vinegar (red and white) and balsamic vinegar. I’ve never seen malt vinegar in shops, but it appears to be available on Amazon.
The most common types of vinegar are 穀物酢 (kokumotsu-su, grain vinegar) and rice vinegar. Grain vinegar is pretty cheap, but I wouldn’t recommend buying it over the slightly more expensive rice vinegar if you intend to use it in food. (Of course, our mileage may vary.)

Oil

  • Olive oil is widely available
  • Vegetable oil is widely available (often rapeseed or sunflower)
  • Flaxseed oil (亜麻仁油) is usually available in bigger supermarkets (very pricy though)

Aromatic vegetables

Onions, scallions, leek, garlic, green peppers, and carrots are all widely available. Celery stalks and leaves are often available, but I’ve never seen celery root. Shallots are rare.

Other vegetables

  • Widely available: broccoli, spinach, cabbage (red cabbage isn’t that widely available), lettuce, tomatoes, eggplant, cucumbers, bell peppers, radish (daikon)
  • If you’re into pumpkins/squashes, Japan has kabocha: green outside, orange inside, both parts being edible. That’s the only type of squash that I’ve seen, but very widely available.
  • Slightly less common: cauliflower (expensive (300 JPY for a small head) in Tokyo, cheap (150+ JPY for a larger head) in Shimane), zucchini (usually not available in winter)
  • Usually not available in supermarkets: Brussels sprout, kale (I’ve seen both though)

Everything else may be difficult to find.

Canned vegetables

The Gyoumu Supermarket generally shines in the canned goods category.

  • Canned tomatoes are widely available, usually for less than 100 JPY
  • Canned corn is widely available (also the only item in this category that has a good chance of not being imported)
  • Canned/glass-jarred olives are often available at supermarkets. You can get them cheapest at the Gyoumu Supermarket.
  • Canned (white) asparagus is often available in supermarkets. Green asparagus is often available fresh, especially in spring. Fresh white asparagus is available sometimes, but a bit pricey
  • Canned/glass-jarred pickled cucumbers (gherkin) are available at many supermarkets, but pretty pricey. Try the Gyoumu Supermarket

Legumes (Beans)

The Gyoumu Supermarket shines here, too.

  • Canned kidney beans are available in most supermarkets. Some supermarkets may have dried beans. Definitely available at the Gyoumu Supermarket
  • Canned chickpeas are slightly less common than kidney beans, but still reasonably available. Definitely available at the Gyoumu Supermarket
  • Lentils are pretty rare. Try Seijou-Ishii and similar supermarkets. Not available at the Gyoumu Supermarket, as far as I know
  • Broad beans are sometimes used in Japanese cooking, and thus sometimes available fresh. Otherwise they may be available dried
  • Normal green beans (いんげん, the long ones) are available frozen at the Gyoumu Supermarket, and sometimes fresh
  • Regular peas are available frozen

Fresh herbs

Most supermarkets with a non-tiny vegetable section will have parsley. If it’s a bigger supermarket, they will probably have other fresh herbs. Basil is the most common. You’ll often find rosemary and sage.

  • Parsley (commonly available)
  • Basil (reasonably commonly available)
  • Mint (if basil is available, mint is probably available too)
  • Rosemary, sage, chervil (available in some stores)

Everything else may be difficult to find, but have a look at SB’s lineup of fresh herbs.

Non-fresh herbs and spices

Most herbs and spices that I’m familiar with are mostly available.
Here are some herbs that might be hard to find in stores: caraway, non-generic varieties of paprika, marjoram. (Try Amazon if you can’t find your favorite herb or spice in the stores.)
Most stores sell herbs and spices in tiny bottles containing 3-10 g of actual product. In the case of paprika, you’re likely to use up the entire bottle for a single meal. If you regularly use a certain herb or spice a lot, you may be better off buying in bulk from Amazon.
For curry mixes, you usually have two choices: Garam Masala and a typical mix that produces the flavor of Japanese curry.

Mushrooms

  • Common mushroom (commonly available, but expensive, though much cheaper here in Shimane)
  • Oyster mushroom (ヒラタケ, hiratake) (commonly available, and not quite as expensive) (also used in Japanese cooking) (never used it)
  • Hen-of-the-woods (舞茸, maitake) (commonly used in Japanese cooking and therefore commonly available and cheap; works well in many western dishes)
  • Porcini are only available in dried packs, and most supermarkets don’t seem to have them

Meat

  • Beef is expensive, and often imported from the US or Australia
  • Pork feels neither expensive nor cheap, and is usually Japanese produce
  • Chicken feels very cheap, and is usually Japanese produce

You can get minced meat of all of the above. Occasionally, you’ll find a supermarket that doesn’t have minced beef. (This seems to be a more common occurrence in Shimane.) The most common type of minced meat is a mix between beef and pork.
Most supermarkets will also sell steaks, but you’ll probably pay 1000 JPY or more for a decent-sized one.
Wiener sausages are available at virtually all supermarkets. Most supermarkets will have a small selection of non-wiener sausages. If you want to eat decent sausages, I recommend the こだわり生フランク (kodawari nama-furanku) from the Gyoumu Supermarket. I think these are probably among the best sausages you can buy in Japan.
Other types of meat may be hard to find, but some supermarkets have mutton now.

Fish

Lots of fish in Japan.
Smoked salmon, canned tuna and canned anchovy are available. Herring is available, but soused herring isn’t. (Justification for this factoid: I know a Japanese guy who loves soused herring.)

Nuts

All nuts that I’m familiar with, except hazelnuts, are available at most supermarkets, though (unless they’re peanuts) usually quite expensive.

Flour

Most supermarkets have only two types of flour: 薄力粉 (hakurikiko) and 強力粉 (kyourikiko). Hakurikiko is cheaper, and is usually used for cakes, cookies, okonomiyaki, and tenpura. Kyourikiko is used for bread. Both are non-whole-wheat. To get whole-wheat, rye, and other types of flour, go to Seijou-Ishii or similar import stores.

Carbs

  • Japanese rice works just fine in western dishes (including risotto)
  • Potatoes are expensive. They’re more used as a vegetable, rather than a source of carbs in Japanese cooking
  • Frozen french fries are available. You can get them much cheaper at the Gyoumu Supermarket than at most other places
  • Pasta is available, but I have a feeling that the cheap stuff tastes a bit odd. ~100 yen per 250 g seems to get you good quality. (I kind of have a feeling that low-quality pasta tends to get some unwanted flavor from its packaging.) Small supermarkets often only have spaghetti or fast-cooking pasta
  • Cornflakes are widely available
  • Oatmeal is starting to appear in store shelves
  • I’ve seen couscous at Kaldi Coffee Farm and Lapin in Matsue
  • Bread is explained in the next section

Bread

Perhaps we’ve come to the most disappointing part of this article. (Note that I’m not trying to be objective in this paragraph.)
White bread that you would toast before eating is ubiquitous. Other kinds of bread will be harder to find. Bread that contains a small percentage of rye is becoming more common these days, but bread with a significant ratio of rye, let alone pure rye bread, is exceedingly rare. There are bakeries in Japan, but if you go into one, you’ll often find that filled bread is way more common than “naked” bread. If you’re lucky, you’ll find something without any fillings, but most will be white bread: baguettes, croissants. Many bakeries will sell something called パン・ド・カンパーニュ (Pain de campagne), which may be quite passable. (It uses sourdough.) If you don’t have an obvious bakery in your vicinity, try some of the chains:

  • Anderson http://www.andersen.co.jp/ is quite okay.
  • Linde (http://www.lindtraud.com/) in Tokyo has pretty good bread.
  • The best bread I’ve had in Japan was from Maison Kayser in Sunshine City in Ikebukuro, Tokyo. However, when I went to check them out (on May 28, 2017), they didn’t have any dark bread for some reason. :(
  • High-quality supermarkets like Seijou-Ishii usually have decent bread too.

By the way, this raisin and walnut stone oven bread tastes very nice and is possibly available at many Aeon stores.

So what to put on your bread? Japan doesn’t have a large selection of spreads, but peanut butter, nutella, (at least) strawberry jam, cheese (see above), and some types of meat are available at most supermarkets. In supermarkets, you’ll often see small Real salami is pretty expensive. Seijou-Ishii and the Gyoumu Supermarket usually sell bruschetta spreads.

You’ll often see peanut butter and strawberry jam being sold in small containers for about 120 JPY that look like in the image pictured here on the right. This stuff, especially the peanut butter, tastes pretty bad, in my opinion. The cheap price may entice you to buy this, but don’t say I didn’t warn you. :p

CVE (Description) Generator / CVEジェネレーター

https://blog.qiqitori.com/cve_generator/ ← Newest CVE Generator version
https://github.com/qiqitori/cve-generator ← GitHub

I’ve been thinking of creating a small tool that is capable of creating CVE descriptions. The benefit of having such a tool would be:

  • Generating perfect descriptions in other languages without translating manually
  • Predictable (==theoretically, parseable) descriptions
  • High-quality output for people submitting a vulnerability description for the first time

CVE descriptions usually look like this:

Heap-based buffer overflow in the jpc_dec_decodepkt function in jpc_t2dec.c in JasPer 2.0.10 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via a crafted image.

This has the following pieces of information:

  • Locality (function and file name) (jpc_t2dec.c, jpc_dec_decodepkt())
  • Software name (JasPer)
  • Software version (2.0.10)
  • Attacker type (remote)
  • Impact (unspecified)
  • Using what? (specially crafted image)

Most CVE descriptions appear to contain no more and no less information than this.

One picture is worth a thousand words, so here’s a screenshot to give you an idea of how this could work:

screenshot_v1

The whole thing works entirely in JavaScript and doesn’t send any data anywhere. The code is currently pretty easy to grok, and probably anything but over-engineered.

To add a language, one would copy one of the existing .js files to create a base. The file name scheme is: cve_generator_VERSION_LANGUAGECODE.js. In these files, you have a large dictionary to translate option values to actual text, which looks like this:

 var tl = {
     "generic_vulnerability": "脆弱性",
     "generic_vulnerabilities": "複数の脆弱性",
     "memory_leak": "メモリリーク",
...

Then you have a couple of functions that are each responsible for creating a small sentence fragment, and one function that adds all these fragments together. These functions differ a bit depending on the grammar of the language in question.

Anyway, this thing probably lacks a lot of features. If you need anything, feel free to leave a comment here or on GitHub, or even send a pull request.

(License: GPLv3, but feel free to copy and paste the base and/or any minor bits for use in entirely unrelated projects (without any restrictions and under any license of your choosing)

 

以下同じ内容を日本語で書きます。

https://blog.qiqitori.com/cve_generator/ ← 最新のバージョン
https://github.com/qiqitori/cve-generator ← GitHub
スクリーンショットは上記の英文に貼ってあります。

CVE の説明文を「生成」してくれるツールみたいなのほしいと思って、何もあまり考えないで早速作ってみました。
ツール化するメリット:

  • 英語版と日本語版を一気に作れる。もちろん、他の言語も(未実現ですが)
  • 微妙な違いはないため、理論上パースもできるはず
  • 初めて CVE 文章を作る人の役に立つ

さて、CVE の説明文は大体みんなこんな感じです:

Heap-based buffer overflow in the jpc_dec_decodepkt function in jpc_t2dec.c in JasPer 2.0.10 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via a crafted image.

この文章に含まれている情報は以下の通りです:

  • ソフトウェア名 (JasPer)
  • ソフトウェアバージョン (2.0.10)
  • 攻撃者の種類 (リモート)
  • 影響 (不特定)
  • 入力方法など (巧妙に細工された画像ファイル)

作成したツールのコードは JavaScript で書かれていて、実行環境はブラウザーで、外部ネットワークアクセスは発生しません。まだ、オーバースペックから程遠いコードだと思います。笑

現在は、新しい言語を追加するのには、既存の .js ファイルを丸ごとコピーして要編集のところを編集するというイメージです。ファイル名は適当に cve_generator_VERSION_言語コード.js に決まっています。これらのファイルの中に、以下のようなオブジェクトを使って翻訳を入れます。

var tl = {
    "generic_vulnerability": "脆弱性",
    "generic_vulnerabilities": "複数の脆弱性",
    "memory_leak": "メモリリーク",
...

そのほかに、小さい文断片を返してくれる短い関数と、これらの関数が返す文断片をつないでちゃんとした文章を作る関数があります。言語によってやるべきことが違っていて、関数の構造もみんな微妙に違うので、あまりにも膨大化しすぎたら管理しづらくなりそうですが、まぁそのかわり開発時間は数時間で済みました。笑

とにかく機能はまだあまりありません。何か欲しいロジックなどありましたらご連絡ください~

ライセンスは、一応 GPLv3 ですが、ぜんぜん違うソフトを作るのに役に立ちそうなものがあったら、ぜひ GPLv3 と関係なく、著作権がないと考えて好きなように摘み取ってください。

松江で無料英会話

こんにちは~!
島根県松江市(または松江の近く)に住んでいない方はこの投稿を読んでも、あまり得することはないかと思います。超ローカルな話で、すみません。(´・ω・`)

さて、今年の2月から松江に住んでいて、引っ越してきてもう3ヶ月くらい経っていますが、友だちはまだ一人もできていないから、軽い英会話とかをしてみたいと思っている方を募集しています!

ちなみに私は28歳の男性です。
趣味は、プログラミング、料理作り、ピアノ、サイクリングなどです。
タバコ恐怖症なので、喫煙者は、申し訳ありません。。。
(禁煙の)喫茶店とかでできたら、いいなぁと思います。

日本語は結構できますので、文法がわからない時など、日本語で説明するのも可能だと思います!

無償なので、時間などについては、ご希望に沿えない場合があります。。。

興味のある方はコメントをください!コメントは、私が読んで承認してからでないと公開されませんので、もし公開してほしくない場合、コメントの中にその旨を書いてくださいね~!

一応ジモティーにも載せてみます。。。

どうぞよろしくお願いいたします!^^